Turbine.



PATBNTED OGT. l1, 1904.

A. M. LBVIN.

TURBINE.

APPLIOATION H-LBD FEB. 1, 1904.

3 SHEETSf-'SHEET 1.

NO MODEL.

Wwf/$4, .vm v @m m I.\ ..1 mi ne n am. nu,

. v PATENTED OCT. ll, 1904. A. M. LEVIN.

` TURBINE.

APPLIOATIOH FILED H1B. 1, 1 904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

N0 MODEL.

y PATENED OCT. 11, 1904. A. M. LEVIN.

TURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED PEB, 1, 1904. Y

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

N0 MODEL.

v as

steam or other gas.

Patented October 11, 1904.

ARVID M. LEVIN, OF JOLIET, ILLINOIS.

TUFIBINEl SPECIFICATION forming part of' VLetters Patent No. 772,242,dated October 11, 19,04.

Application filed February l, 1904. Serial No. 191,487. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I', ARVID M. LEVIN, a subject of the King of Sweden andNorway, and a resident of Joliet, county of Will, and State of Illinois,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbines, of whichthe following is declared to be a full, clear, and exact description.

The improvement relates to turbines in which the steam or other motoriiuid is `eX- panded in the admission-nozzle to the exhaustpressure, andthe invention seeks to provide efficient means for edecting successiveor multiple passage of the expanded steam or gas `through theturbine-wheel to utilize the energy due to its high velocity. i

The invention consists in the features of construction, arrangements,and combinations of parts hereinafter set forth, illustrated intheaccompanying drawings, and more particularly pointed out in the appendedclaims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section of the improvedturbine.v Fig. 2 is a cross-section on line 2 2 of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is adetail section on line 3 8 of Fig. l. Fig. 4 is a diagram of theoperation of the expanded Fig. 5is an enlarged section of a portionofthe turbine-wheel and casing. Fig. 6 is an inverted plan view of partsshown in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a detail section on line 7 7 of Fig. 5. Figs.8 and 9 are views .similar to Figs. 5 and 6, illustrating amodification.V Fig. lO is asection on line lO l0 of Fig. 8. Fig. ll is aview similar to Figs. 5 and 8, illustrating a further modification. Fig.l2 is a section on line 12 l2 of Fig. ll.

As well understood, with turbines in which the steam only passes oncethrough the buckets of the wheel the velocity of the buckets must beone-half that of the steam to obtain maximum efiiciency; buthighpressure steam the wheel a number of times to gradually absorb itsvelocity then the peripheral speed of vunder ideal conditions, attainthe theoretical maximum economy. Ideal conditions may be approximated ina .multiple-impulse turbine having a comparatively low speed if thefrictional resistance to the flow of the current of steam is minimizedby making the buckets and guide-surfaces small vand by arranging them sothat the steam strikes thereon and its direction of motion changedwithout shock.

and so that its course is free and unobstructed. Moreover, means must beprovided for permitting the free expansion of the current of steam asits velocity is gradually decreased. Multiple-impulse wheels heretoforedesigned haveemployed a number of rows of buckets against which thesteam successively strikes. Here the frictional surfaces are large. Inothers channels or buckets are so arranged in a single wheel and in thesurrounding casing that a confined helical pat'h is formed for thecurrent of steam. In this case, too, the frictional surfaces are large,the iow of the current is confined and restricted, it is difiicult toprovide for the proper increase in crosssection of the flowing current,and the helical channels cannot be easily constructed and provided witha smooth finished surface.

In accordance with the present invention the wheel-buckets andreversing-guides are arranged to form a working space open from end toend in which the steam from the nozzle proceeds in successive helicalwhirls of gradually-decreasing velocity and with the successiveportion`in contact'and parallel, so that, in effect, the steam entersand leaves the wheelbuckets and reversing-guides in a continuous sheet.By this arrangement the successive portions of the whirling sheet guideone another without loss of energy and the necessity of helical or otherseparating partitions or channels is avoided.

The turbine-wheel l0 may be constructed IOO , tion.

not separated by partitions, though small overare disposed about itsperiphery.

in any suitable i'nanner. As shown, the wheel is aA solid cast diskhaving an enlarged peripheral portion 11, Within which the buckets 12are formed. rThe buckets preferablyvlie in the median plane of the wheeland are inclined both radially and tangentially. The working or guidesurfaces 13 of the buckets are semicylindrical in outline, and extendedflanges 14, tangential to the working faces, guide the motor iiuid as itenters and leaves the buckets. It will be observed that the buckets arearranged step-like on the periphery of the wheel and that they openoutwardly and into one another, so that the steam may enter and leavethe buckets with little fric- For the same reason the buckets arehanging lips 15 may be provided at the outer ends of the guide -surfaces13, if desired. Wheel 10 is preferably inclosed within a suitable casing16, the side and edge walls ofwhich are spaced apart from the wheel, asindicated in Fig. 3. Casing 16 is mounted on the bed 17 and is providedwith an exhaust-pipe 18, which may, if desired, lead to a condenser.

The motor-shaft 19 is journaled in suitable bearings 19' upon the bed17, extends through a suitable stufng-box 2O in the side wall ofl thecasing 16, and carries the turbine-wheel 10 upon its end. One or moreinlet-nozzles 20, in accordance with the size of the wheel, Four ofthese nozzles are shown, and they are of proper proportion as torelative size of orifice and outlet and of proper form to totally expandthe steam to the pressure of the exhaust. Nozzles 20/ are inclined, asshown, to the path of movement of the wheel-buckets 12 and arranged todeliver thesteam into the inlet side of the open buckets and at rightangles to their working or guide surfaces 13. From each of the nozzles areversing-guide 21 extends outwardly over a number of the buckets of thewheel, the working' or guiding' face 22 of which is semicylindrical inoutline, and extended iianges 23 guide the steam as it enters and leavesin tangential direction. The nozzles 20 and reversing-guides 21 arepreferably carried upon suitable bonnets 24, removably secured in placeover openings formed at intervals in the periphery of the casing 16. Thereversing-guides 21 are preferably cast in piece with the bonnets 24,while the nozzles 20 are formed separate therefrom and lead fromchambers 25, formed in the bonnets. These chambers 25 are closed attheir outer ends by screw-plugs 26, which may be removed for conveniencein putting the nozzles 20 in place or for removing them, if necessary.In the form shown in Fig. 1 inlet-channels 27, cast in the body of thebonnets 24 and in the wall of the casing 16, connect the severalchambers 25 with a series of pipe-inlets 28. In the forms shown in Figs.5, 8, and 11 the inlet-pipe 29 leads directly into-the chamber 25. Theoutlets of the nozzle 2()' and the adjacent portions of fianges 23 onthe reversing-guides extend closely adjacent the periphery of the wheel,and the semicylindrical guidesurfaces 22 are opposed to thesemicylindrical guide 13 of the wheel-buckets.

ln operation the steam from nozzle 20 enters the inlet side of thewheel-buckets 12, and its direction of motion is reversed without shockby the working faces 13. The wheel advances a short distance as thesteam passesthrough the buckets, so that the steam is delivered from theexhaust side of the wheel-buckets to the inlet sideiof thereversing-guide 21 beyond the nozzle. Here the guide-surface22 againchanges its direction of movement without shock and the steam is againprojected into the buckets of the wheel. The steam from nozzle 20 thusproceeds in a succession of helical whirls of gradually-diminishingvelocity and is successively projected by the reversing-guide back intothe wheel-buckets until its velocity relatively to the wheel isconsumed. The working face 22 of the reversing-guide 21 extends from thenozzle at such an angle to the path of movement of the wheel-bucketsthat the successive portions of steam are projected therefrom insubstantially parallel lines and with a direction relatively to thewheel at right angles to the working faces of the buckets.

1t will be observed that the reversing-guide 21 is open inwardly andfrom end to end, so that the flow of steam is free and unconined, andthe guide-surfaces are as small as possible. If a closedy conned helicalpath were employed, the frictional surfaces would be large and the Howof steam checked, so that a disadvantageous back pressure would Vbedeveloped which would resist the free expansion of the steam in thenozzle.

By the arrangement of buckets opening outwardly and the opposedreversing guides opening inwardly a working space or chamber freely openfrom end to end is formed, and the steams enters and leaves the bucketsin a continuous whirling sheet instead of in separated streams, as inprior constructions. The separate portions of the whirling sheet will'of course have different velocities, but will be in Contact, so that asthe guide-surfaces project the succeeding portions in parallel relationwith one another these succeeding portions will guide and confine oneanother and prevent the particles of steam from being dispersed in atangentially or circumferential direction out of their proper path. Thisaction is illustrated as clearly as possible in Fig. 1, on which thesteam is indicated as a whirling sheet with the succeeding portions incontact. The arrows in the other iigures indicate only the central linesof the succeeding whirls of steam. This arrangelnent does away with thenecessity of separating partitions or of guide surfaces or chan- TOO IIO

nels arranged to form a closed helical path,

finish. rlhe scmicylindrical working faces of the open buckets andguides in the present turbine are easily formed and machined by millingcutters to form smooth surfaces which will guide the steam without shockand with little friction. What little friction there is will only serveto heat the buckets and guides and prevent condensation.

The reversing-guide extends, as shown, from the nozzle 20 over thewheel-buckets and at an angle to the path of their movement, and theguide-surface 22 beyond the nozzle is located farther and farther awayfrom the wheelbuckets, so thatan expansion-space or working-chamber isformed, increasing in width radially of the wheel, and ample provisionthus made for the free increase in cross-section of the steam-current,due to its decrease in velocity. l

In the simplest form the working surface 22V' of the reversing-guide 21is unbroken, as shown in Figs. 8 and l1, and is slightly curved from endto end. Preferably, however, the reversing-guide 2l and its workingsurface are stepped, as'shown in Figs. l, 4, 5, and 6, so that thecurrent of steam will not have so vfar to travel and will be less likelyto overflow; but in either case a free unobstructed path with smallguide-surfaces is provided and ample provision made for the increasingcross-section of the steam-current. rl`he parts of the stepped guide 21shown in Figs. l and 5 are notseparated by a partition, but the guide isopen from end to' end, although a small guide-lip 21 may be located atthe shoulder, as shown.

The diagram of'Fig. L and the arrows in the other figures' illustratethe operation of steam when the velocity of the wheelbuckets is aboutone-tenth that of the initial velocity of the steam, in which case thesteam-current must pass five'times through the wheel-buckets for maximumeconomy. In Fig. 4 s is the initial absolute velocity and direction ofthe steam, w is the velocity and direction of the wheel-buckets, and ois the velocity and direction of the steam relative tothe buckets,

and s2 is the velocity and direction of the steam as it leaves thewheel-buckets; but, as the steam passes through the buckets, the wheeladvances a short distance m, so that absolute direction is indicated byheavy dotted line. s2. The steam then strikes guide-surface 22 at anangle and is returned into the wheelbuckets with an absolute directionand velocity indicated by full line s2. This action is repeated, thesteam successively leaves the buckets, and is returned thereto with thegradually-diminishing absolute velocities and directions s3, s4, and S5,and is successively projected against the wheel-buckets with relativevelocity o2, @3, o, and of. The dot-and-dash lines and the heavy dotline s2 s3, &c., indicate the absolute velocity and direction of thesteam delivered from the wheel-buckets, and the spaces m2 fr, Sac.,between such lines indicate the distance the buckets have traveled asthe steam passes through them. rlhe full lines s2 s3, &c., indicate theabsolute velocity and direction of the steam as returned to the bucketsby the reversing-guide. As indicated in thediagram, the final directions of the steam is radial to the wheel, and the relative velocity is ofcourse zero, and the steam then escapes into the exhaust-space.

In the construction shown, the steam passes first from the nozzle intothe wheel-buckets and is subsequently projected four times from theguide-surface 22' ofthe form shown in Figs. 8 and 11 and twice fromeachof the working surfaces 22 of reversing-guide 2l, (shown in Figs. land 5,) making five times in all that the steam traverses the buckets ofthe wheel. 'The arrangement vis designed for a wheel having a peripheralvelocity of one-tenth that of the initial velocity of the steam. 1t isobvious that the guides may be modified to project the steam agreater orless number of times in accordance with the relative speed of the steamand wheelbuckets. Indeed,the construction shown without modificationwill accommodate itself within wide limits to varying speeds of thewheel and steam, and the course of the steam may vary in accordancetherewith, since the construction permits afree unobstructed flow anddoes not confine the steam to a precise predetermined path. As thedirection of the steamcurrent is reversed in the buckets and guides itis somewhat compressed. by centrifugal force in the bottoms of thebuckets and guides,- as indicated in Figs. 7, l0,- and 12.' As it leavesthe buckets and guides in adirection tangential to the working surfacesthereof it tends to rexpand Aand become ineffectually deflected from itstrue course. The succeeding parallel portions of the whirling sheet ofsteam in contact as it leaves the exhaust side of the buckets and guideprevent deflection of the particles of steam in a circumferentialdirection from such expansion and obviate the necessity of helicalpartitions. In axial. direction the steam is allowed to reexpand bycutting away the flanges 14E and 23 of the buckets and guides on theexhaust sides of the same, as indicated at 30 in Figs. 7, l0, and l2.The anges 14 and 23 upon the inlet sides of the buckets and guides areset to receive the steam without shock from the cutaway exhaust oroutlet sides. By thus allowing for the reexpansion ofthe steam after itsslight'compression in the bottom of the buck- IOO ets and guides thetendency of the steam to escape outwardly in axial direction is overcomeand the steam will not be defiected inwardly against the current ofsteam fiowing in the opposite direction at the other side of the bucketsand guides. To prevent the latter action, a triangular-shaped partition31 (see Figs. 11 and 12) may be employed. This partition is fixed at itsouter end to the reversing-guide and extends inwardly within the same.Such a partition will not increase the skin friction, since it is madeso small that it will not lie in the normal path of the whirling sheetof steam nor come in contact therewith. (See Fig. 12.) This partitiondoes not in any way obstruct the inlet or exhaust passages on oppositesides of the buckets and guides, which, as shown, are open andunobstructed from end to end of the guide.

In some multiple-impulse turbines the steam is arranged to work withconstant speed and decreasing pressure or at constant pressure anddecreasing velocity to absorb the @is @im of current or with acombination of the two. It is obvious that the construction describedwith the chamber or space between the reversing-guide and wheel-bucketsopen from end to end, in which the steam proceeds in a succession ofhelical whirls, can only be employed for absorbing the m's viva of acurrent of steam of constant pressure and of decreasing velocity andthat total-expansion inletnozzles must be employed to obtain goodeconomy. For maximum economy with a turbine of'this type, the steam mustbe totally expanded, the course of the steam should be free andunobstructed and ample provision must be made for the increase incross-section of the steam-current, or a disadvantageous back pressurewill prevent proper expansion through the inlet-nozzle, the steam must.be guided without shock to prevent inefficient dispersion of theparticles, and the guide-surface must be small to avoid friction. In thepresent construction these conditions 'for maximum `economy are met bythe arrangement and construction of the expansion-nozzle, open bucketsand reversing-guide extending from the nozzle over the buckets to form aworking space o'r chamber open from end to end and in which the steamproceeds in a succession of helical whirls. At the same time theperipheral speed is comparatively low, (the turbine described isdesigned to have a peripheral speed of about three hundred feet persecond, which is well within the limits of safety,) and the power may betaken directly from the motor-shaft without speed-diminishing gearing.

Even with the comparatively low peripheral speed it is desirable thatthe turbinewheel should rotate in perfect balance-z'. e., about itscenter of gravity-to avoid pressure upon the bearing of the shaft. Forthis purpose the end of shaft 19, beyond the turbine-wheel 10 and in theside opposite to its supporting-bearing, is reduced in size, as at 32,is somewhat springy, and capable of slight defiection. Acounterbalance-weight 33 is fixed to the end of the reduced shaftportion 32. At critical speed the counterbalanceweight defiects theshaft portion 32 until the center of gravity of the revolving partscoincides with the center of revolution, and the centrifugal forces willnot cause a radial pressure upon the shaft-bearings and the revolvingparts rotate in perfect balance. It will be observed that the casing 16is extended, as at 34, to cover the end of the shaft, so thatcross-sectional area of the shaft is exposed at one end to theexhaust-pressure and at the other end to the atmospheric pressure. Ifthe turbine is run non-condensing, the nozzles are arranged, as shown,to deliver steam on the inner side of the wheel-bucket, and the axialpressure upon the shaft-bearing, due to the fact that the steam entersthe bucket at one side of median plane of the wheel, will be balanced bythe pressure of the exhaust upon the cross-sectional area of the shaft.If a condenser is employed, the nozzles 20 are arranged to deliver thesteam into the outer sides of' the wheel-buckets, and the axial pressurewill be balanced by the atmospheric pressure upon the cross-sectionalarea of the shaft.

It is obvious that changes may be made in the details of structurewithout departure from the essentials of the invention. For ex- .ample`the buckets and guides could be arranged on opposite sides of the wheel,near its periphery, instead of being von its edge and in the medianplane, as shown. The latter is, however, the preferred arrangement,since the centrifugal force exerted upon the steam tends to keep it inits proper path. .Preferably, as shown, the exhaust-spaces 35 about theperiphery of the wheel are separated from the working spaces bypartitions 36, so that exhaust-steam will not cool the nozzles and Willnot be drawn into the working spaces and interfere with the proper flowofthe steam therein.

By the phrase open from end to end in the following claims is meant thatthe reversing-guide or the chamber or working space formed between thereversing-guide and the row of buckets has no cross-partitions forconfining the current of steam. Preferably, also, as indicated, thereversing-guide is open to the exhaust-space, so that as soon as the @is@im of the steam is taken up it may freely escape without choking theincoming current.

While the Working faces of the buckets and guides are preferably exactlysemicylindrical in cross-section, since they may then be convenientlymachined to a smooth finish it is not necessary that they should be ofthis exact geometrical form, since other curves which will guide thesteam without shock may be employed.

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rEhe bonnets 24 may be adjusted tangentially upon their seats to aslight extent, and the nozzle and reversing-guides may thereby bearranged to present the proper angle to the wheel-buckets in accordancewith the relative speed of the wheel-buckets and the steamcurrent fromthe nozzles.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secureby Letters Patent, isl 1. A multiple-impulse` turbine comprising a wheelhaving a row of buckets, an expansion-nozzle delivering into saidbuckets and a stationary reversing-guide extending from said nozzleoverv a number of said buckets to form a space open fromend to endwithin which the steam or other motive fluid proceeds in a helical whirland is successively projected against the buckets of said wheel.

2. A multiple-impulse turbine comprising a wheel having a row ofYbuckets, an expansion-nozzle delivering into one side of said buckets, areversing-guide 'extending Vfrom said nozzle over a number of saidbuckets and arranged to form aworking space freely open from lend toend. said buckets and guides having opposed inclined working facescurved in cross-section and arranged to guide the current of iiuid fromsaid nozzle in a succession of helical whirls within said working space.

3. A multiple-impulse turbine Icomprising a wheel having a row ofbuckets, an expansion-nozzle delivering into one side of saidI buckets,and a reversingguide extending from said nozzle over said row of bucketsto form a working space open from end to end in which the current ofsteam from said nozzle proceeds ina helical whirl with its successiveportions of decreasing Velocity in contact.

4. A multiple-impulse turbine comprising a wheel havinga row ofoutwardly-open buckets, an expansion-nozzle delivering into one side ofsaid bucketsand a reversing-guide extending from said nozzle over anumber of said buckets, said guide being open inwardly from end to endand said guide and said buckets having opposed, inclined,semicylindrical working faces between which the current from said nozzleproceeds/in a helical course.

5. A multiple-impulse turbine comprising a wheel having a row ofstep-like buckets opening outwardly and into each other, anexpansion-nozzle delivering into one side of said buckets, andareversing-guide extending from said nozzle over a number of saidbuckets, said guide being open inwardly from end to end and said guideand said buckets having opposed, inclined semicylindrical working facesfor guiding the current of iiuid from.

said nozzle.

6. A multiple-impulse turbine comprising a wheel having a row ofoutwardly-open buckets, an expansion-nozzle delivering into one side ofsaid buckets, a stepped reversing-guide extending from said nozzle overa number of said buckets arranged to form a working space freelyopenfrom end to end, said guide and said buckets having opposed, inclinedsemicylindrical working faces bounding such space and arranged to guidethe fluid from said nozzle parallel in a succession of helical whirls.

7. A multiple-impulse turbine comprising a wheel having a row ofbuckets, an expansion-nozzle delivering into one side of said bucketsand a reversing-guide extending from said nozzle outwardly over a numberof said buckets and arranged tosuccessively return the current of iiuidfrom said nozzle into said buckets, the inlet and exhaust sides of saidreversing-guide being unobstructed from end to end.

8. A multiple-im pulse turbine having a row of outwardly-open bucketsanexpansion-nozzle delivering into one side of said buckets, an inwardlyopen reversing guide extending from said nozzle over said buckets, saidbuckets and guide having opposed, inclined semicylindrical working facesand guide-flanges extending tangentially to said workingfaces at theopposite sides offsaid guide andbuckets. 9. A multiple-impulse turbinehaving a row of outwardly-open buckets, au expansion-nozzledeliveringinto one sideof said buckets, an inwardly open reversing guideextending from said nozzle over said buckets, said buckets and guidehaving opposed, inclined semicylindrical working faces and guide-iiangesextending tangentially to said working faces at the opposite sides ofsaid guide and buckets, said iianges being cut away at the exhaust sideto permit lateral expansion of the iiowing current of iuid.

l0. A multiple-impulse turbine comprising a wheel having a row ofbuckets, an expansion-nozzle delivering into one side of said buckets, areversingguide extending from said nozzle over a number of said bucketsand arranged to form a working space or chamber freely open from end toend and to the exhaust-outlet, said buckets and guides having opposed,inclined working faces, curved in cross-section bounding said workingspace and arranged to guide the current of fiuid from said nozzle in ahelical whirl within said open space.

l1. A multiple-impulse turbine comprising a wheel having a row ofbuckets, an expansion-nozzle delivering into one side of said buckets,and a reversing-guide extending from said nozzle over a number ofbuckets arranged to form a working spaceincreasing in width in radialdirection, said guide being arranged to successively return the currentof steam from said nozzle into said buckets.

12. In a multiple-impulse turbine comprisring a Wheel having a row ofbuckets, an expansion-nozzle delivering into one side of said buckets, areversing-guide extending from sald nozzle over a number of saidbuckets,

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said guide and said buckets having opposed, inclined working faces forguiding the current of steam from said nozzle in asuccession of helicalwhirls, the working faces of said guide beyond the nozzle being locatedfarther and farther away from said buckets.

13. A multiple-impulse turbine comprising a wheel having a row ofbuckets, an expan sion-nozzle delivering into oneside of said buckets, areversing-guide having a working face extending from said nozzleoutwardly overa number of said buckets and at an angle to the path ofmovement thereof to form a space increasing in Width radially of thewheel.

14. A multiple-impulse turbine comprising a Wheel having a row ofbuckets, an expansion nozzle delivering into one side of said bucketsand a reversing-guide extending outwardly from said nozzle over anumberof said buckets and arranged to form a working chamber or space ofincreasing' cross-section and freely open from end to end, said bucketsand guide having opposed, inclined working faces semicylindrical incrosssection bounding said working space and arranged to guide the fluidfrom said nozzle in a whirling sheet with its successive portions ofdecreasing velocity in contact.

15. A multiple-impulse turbine comprising a wheel having a row ofbuckets, an inclosing casing, an extension-nozzle delivering into oneside of said buckets, a reversing-guide on said casing extending fromsaid nozzle outwardly over a number of said buckets and arranged to forma chamber or working space of increasing cross-section freely open fromend toend and to the exhaust-space within said casing, said buckets andguidehavingopposed, inclined working faces, semicylindrical in sectionbounding said space and arranged to guide the current of steam from saidnozzle in a succession of helical whirls.

16. A turbine comprising a wheel having a row of buckets, an inclosing'casing for said wheel forming an exhaust-chamber, an exhaust-pipeconnected to the exhaust-space within said casing, a nozzle deliveringinto one side of said buckets, and a shaft whereon said wheel issupported passing' through one side only of said casing, the entirecross-scctional area of said shaft being exposed at its inner end to theexhaust-pressure within said casing and at its outer end to theatmospheric pressure, whereby the difference in the exhaust andatmospheric pressures upon the cross-sectional area of the shaft willbalance the axial thrust.

17. A turbine comprising a wheel having a row of buckets, a nozzledelivering into one side of said buckets, a shaft whereon said wheel ismounted journaled on one side only of said wheel, and having a free endextending on the opposite side of said wheel and a counterbalance-weighton said free extended end.

18. A turbine comprising a Wheel having a row of buckets, anexpansionnozzle delivering into one side of said buckets, a shaft where-.on said wheel is mounted, journaled on one side only of said Wheel, andhaving a free extending portion on the opposite side of said wheelreduced in cross-section and somewhat yielding, and acounterbalance-weight upon the end of said reduced, yielding portion.

19. A multiple-impulse turbine comprising a wheel having a row ofbuckets, a casing inclosing said wheel, an exhaust-pipe connected withsaid casing, a number of expansion-nozzles about the periphery of saidwheel and delivering into one side of said buckets, a reversing-guideextending from each of said nozzles over a number of said buckets and toform a working space open from end to end in which the steam from thenozzles proceeds in a helical path, said Working spaces being' freelyopen to the exhaust-spaces at their outlet ends and partitions betweenthe exhaustspaces and the inlet ends of said working spaces.

20. A multiple-impulse turbine comprising a wheel having' a row ofbuckets, a casing inclosing said wheel, an exhaust-pipe connected tosaid casing, a number of inlet-nozzles about the periphery of said wheeland delivering into one side of said buckets` reversing-guidesextending' from said .nozzles over the wheelbuckets and arranged tosuccessively project the fluid from said nozzles against thewheelbuckets, openings about the periphery of said casing and bonnetsremovably secured over said openings, said nozzles and saidreversing-guides being mounted upon said bonnets.

ARVID M. LEVIN. /Vitnesses:

ALBERTA ADAMICK, LILLIAN PRENTICE.

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